Time for the finals

Today in class we went over the notes that we took yesterday. Then Mr.Schick passed out our quizzes and we went over the questions. These questions are going to be on the final exam next weekend.

Renaissance

Sculptors made figures more realistic. Perspective in painting, a technique that creates the appearance of three dimensions using a vanishing pint and horizon. Vernacular (native language) ex, Dante in Medieval Times writing. The Divine Comedy. Boccaccio wrote the Decameron, a series of realistic, sometimes off-color  (dirty)stories, cutting down public figures. Niccolo Machiavelli wrote The Prince. He focused on telling rulers how to expand their power even if it meant taking steps the Church viewed as evil. Don't worry about morals. Cynical view: most people are corrupt and selfish.

Renaissance/Pieta

Michelangelo would bring the blocks down the side of the mountains. Very dangerous. 1499, he had other problems. Like his father. Sometimes he would go months without taking his boots off. He was living like Jesus, which is what he told his father to do. He was 25 years old when he was finished. He signed his name i the side of his art to get credit because nobody knew him and didn't know he did it. He was asked by the Pope to paint the 16th chapel. Raphael , painter, School of Athens. Frescoes paintings done on wet plaster. Favorite subject was Madonna and child. Worked for Pope Julius II. Donatello is best known for his statue of David.

Renaissance

Mona Lisa has no eyebrows because it was the style back then. Nobody knows why she is smiling. She wasn't outside when she the painting took place.  Starts in Florence around 1450. Started their but then spread around. The rebirth starts after the Middle Ages. Renaissance means rebirth. 1300-1600 overlap with the middle ages. Started in Italy, important trade cities, cities wealthy, and heritage of classical Rome. Humanism, is an interest in secular(worldly) things rather than religious/spiritual art. It focused in human potential and achievements. Patrons, is wealthy clients who pay to support artists and their creations. Ex, the Medici family, a powerful and banking and trading family, supported artisans: paying for portraits, donating public art. The renaissance man was also called universal man,men and women. At the time were expected to be well rounded in many fields. Everyone should create art. Write poetry, sing,dance. Be a skilled writer, wrestler, swordsman. Leonardo de Vinci. True Renaissance Man. Painter of Mona Lisa and The last Supper. Sculptor. Inventor, Scientist. He sketched a helicopter in 1493. He wrote left handed and backwards. Michelangelo Bunarroti. Another true Renaissance Man. Painter, sculptor.

Renaissance

In this picture you can see the angles surrounding a lady and a baby sitting in the chair. This painting is of Madonna and Child Enthroned with Angles. It was painted in mid-16th century.
In the second picture, it is a sculpture of Hercules beating Centaur Nesso. It is made out of marble. 
In the third picture, it is of S.Maria del Fiore. It was the Original Plan for S.Maria del Fiore. 
In the last picture, it is a women writing with the Renaissance material.

Questions for the test

1. Define indulgent? Something you buy from a Church that gives you less years in Purgatory. 2. A person that says the opposite of what the Church teaches is called what? It is called Heretic. 3. What year did Luther reach Rome? 1510. 4. What was the list about that he nailed on the door? How many was on the paper? The list was about 95 things that Luther thought was wrong with the Church. 5. What did Luther use to spread the list? He used the printing press. What year did Martin Luther create the list? The year was 1517.

Heads up

Leo the 10 is the Pope. Little naked boys popped out the cake. The indulgent was a peace of paper. He sold the indulgences in Germany. Salvation was a gift from God, you get it through faith; not buying it from the Pope. 1517, Luther sat down and wrote down 95 things that was wrong with the Church/Pope. Then he nailed them to the Church in Wittenburg. Luther was telling the people that you can't pay your way to Heaven. Luther was about to become the first big author. Gutenberg invited the printed press in Germany. The printing of his paper went out around Germany like a wildfire. The Catholic had a name from people like Luther. The name was heretic. The meaning is a person that teaches the opposite of the Church. 1546. He never intended the lust to make things worst. Luther books was burned, and the next was Luther himself. The Pope demanded the Luther dismiss the list. The more the Church tried to silence Luther, the more courage he got. The Pope made a document that said the Luther would spend eternity in Hell. Luther found a new weapon he had in his side. He started to use the printing press because he wanted to spread the list.

Luther goes to Rome

This is the first time that Luther goes outside of Germany. Many people go to Rome thinking that the journey helps them to become closer to God. 1510 was the year that Luther arrived in Rome. He arrived just as the Renaissance was at its height. He had lived in 3 towns in his whole life. When he first approached Rome, he was overwhelmed that was in the holy city. The city was more about money than it was about religion. The people who attended the church was pretty much the business people. Luther discovered that the church was happy to profit off the Pilgrims. Indulgent is something that you buy from the church like prayers. It's a way to reduce your time in progatroy. Protagary is where your sins are going to be burned away. Luther wondered if all this could bring him closer to Jesus. He didn't think that he pleased God in any way, so he hated this God. Luther was now like a teacher. He found out that what he was being be taught was a lie and wrong. He found out that what you needed to get in Heaven you need to get salvation be him and God. 7 years had pasted since he visited Rome.

Nail to the doors of the school

Lower the price on lunch Less hours of the school day. Less quizzes and tests. More hands on work in the classroom. Better computers.

Martin Luther

Quarter of all children died before they were 5 years old. The church was the most powerful institutes on earth. Powerful then kings, but would be over turn by one man; Martin Luther. German 1546. Grew up in Northern Germany. If you followed its rules and follow the church rituals, you were going to go to Heaven. The church declared itself in the people live. Not just the people who was in it, but also the community. Luther father was a copper smith. Luther was sent to the best schools around where he lived. Erufer was the university that he went to. Luther wanted to be. 1505, plaque strict the college. The people thought that God was punishing them for their sins. Three of Luther friends was killed by plaque. This was a turning point of his life. When he was 23 he was caught in a storm. Luther vowed himself to God by want happen when he was in the storm. He vowed to God that we was going to be a monk. He stopped doing what his father wanted him to do. His father had went insane when he found out that Luther wasn't going to be a lawyer which he wanted him to be. Monks food was simply, clothes made you uncomfortable, they had to prayers in different part of the days. They could on talk in certain places. Two weeks after the the forest, he joined a hard group of the monks, the Augustians. Ascetic. It's a person who gives up everything and anything to be in a good relationship with God. The Church demanded fees by the people. The people believed that if you didn't pay the fees that you wouldn't go to Heaven, etc. After he graduated from the White cloth, he moved on to the Black. They did things that Jesus went through. Whipped themselves, slept out in the snow, slept without blankets, etc. He was concern that he would never be able to please God.

5/12/10

Middle evil period happened in 476 AD -1453. The invasions had made the fallen of the kingdom. The trades stopped. The rich had built. The priest was trying to keep alive the bible, the other things that was written in Latin. Everybody wasn’t speaking the same language. French, English, Italy, Spanish. Who ever had the castles had the loyalty of the people because they had shelter and protection. Clovis had the big conversion. Alliance with the church. They had money that they raised armies. Gaul became France. Benedict made the rules for the monks. Monks lived in the monosatis. Nuns lived in convents. Rules was they you couldn’t get rich, chastity, obedience. Typically day for a monk, they would write. They would have schools for people who wanted to read and write. Ventble bee. Wrote the history of England. 731.

Germanic

That succeeded the Roman Empire, reunited under Charlemagne empire. Charlemagne spread Christian through northern Europe. Middle ages (medieval), 476- 1453 AD. End of Roman Empire, to conquest of Constantinople by Turks. Invasions trigger changes in the western Europe. Warfare spark new trends. Disruption of trade. Money scarce, cities no longer centers. Downfall city, no longer center of administration. Population shifts. No strong leadership. Decline in learning. Invaders are illiterate. Priest and church officials were the only ones that could read and write. Knowledge of Greek was lost. Loss of common language. Dialects in diff regions. Kingdoms emerge. Government changed. Roman society; loyal to public government. German; loyal to family. chief led warriors, during peace, he provided food, weapons, etc. During war, warriors fought for lord. Franks lived in Gaul. Franks under Clovis. Battlefield conversion. Clovis and men baptized by bishops. Approved by the church of Rome. Clovis and church worked together. 511 AD- unties Franks into kingdom. 600 AD. Church Frankish rules convert many. Monasteries and convents. 520 Benedict wrote rules for monks. His sister Scholastia did the same with the nuns. Pope Gregory expanded papal power. papacy is pope office. secular power is worldly power. Church used church money to raises armies, repair roads, help the poor. Christendom. Franks controlled longest Europe kingdom.

Class

Free adult male could vote. Greek did this. They voted on who they should go to war with, who was there leader. Romans voted for leaders and people to represent them. They met at the agora.

Middle Ages

Middle Ages were part of the European history.It was from 5th century to the 15th century. The stone architecture was used for their buildings and their art was based on Christianity. The breakdown of Rome starts the beginning of the Middle Ages. The Hundred Year's War signifies the end of the Middle Ages. The last emperor of the Western Roman Empire was Romulus Augustus. We went over the tests that we had taken in class today. We also took a test that wasn't graded on the Middle Ages.

Revenge

The soldiers killed the kids and families of the barbarians. The survivors of  the slaughter escaped. Alaric was told by one of his people to make Rome suffer as she has suffered. His plan is was to take Rome, or to make it hostage. He knows that it is weak from the Roman soldiers being with the emperor. But the emperor is not in Rome. He is in Ravenna.  The goth people swipe through Italy. He tells one of he generals to block the roads to the city and nothing gets in. The first time in 800 yrs Rome began to suffer siege. They only have food for 10 days. The city is starving and people are dying.The emperor will reject Alaric demands. The Romans turn to the senates for leadership. The senates of Rome visit Alaric. They tell them that they have thousands of soldiers ready to battle. Alaric knows that its a lie. Alaric wants all their belongings. The gold and sliver. They gotten all Rome riches without spilling a drop of gold. Alaric lets food in for 3days. Within those three days, he wants them to tell their emperor to give them the land that they was promised. If they get the land, they will leave Rome. If not, it may be the end of the Roman city. The generals talk it over with the emperor of the settlement.

Fall of Rome

500 years Rome ruled supreme. A weak emperor who tried to be strong. Early 5th century. the goths were planning on to attack the Roman empire. The goths are a group of people that don't believe in the Rome rules. and Gods. The considered them to be barbarians. 40,000 led by king of goths, Alaric. Rome was defenseless. The Roman empire was at a breaking point at the beginning of the century. Attacked by many and different kinds of people outside their boundaries. The goths had been forced to leave their lands and now their are going to the Roman empire to try and take their land for themselves. The king promise the his people that they would be getting good land from a different emperor. In order for the goth muscle, they will get the land. People from the emperor came to the his chief. Then they kill him while he was outside of the church. Honorius was the head of the government. Ever since he was a little kid. The emperor of Rome that wasn't working out of Rome because Rome was too dangerous. Alaric found out that the guy they made the deal with, got murdered. Rome part was to kill the people that would be on the sides of the barbarians. The families of the barbarians.

Diocletianic Persecution

The last and most serve persecution of the Christians in the Roman Empire. In 303, Emperor Diocletian and his colleagues. They did this for their own entertainment. They would starve the lions for a little. Then, they would bring in the Christians and the Emperor and the crowd would watch the lions ripe the Christians apart. But Constantine and Licinius Edict of Milan marked the end of the persecution. Christians had always been the local discrimination in the empire. Christians was compelled to to sacrifice to pagan God or face imprisonment  and execution. The Circus Maximus was another part of the persecution of the Christians. It was an ancient Roman chariot racing and a mass entertainment for the city of Rome.

No more two sided empire

He built churches throughout the empire. Some people in Rome doesn't like what he is doing with the whole Christian thing. Some of the people says he is a threat and needs to come to a end. The senator of Rome is n his way to kill Constantine. Constantine said that he trusted him. So now he said that he trusts no one, but God. Then he says that they are at holy war. The first war in 318. Licinius attacked the people in the churches; they killed the believers of the Christian belief. licinius camp. 324 AD, the battle took place in modern day Turkey. Constantine raised his secret weapon, a banner with their symbol. Licinius army grew scared thinking that it had magical power. Lincinius and his army left the battle. His sister tells Constantine to spare Licinius for her reasons. Lincinius surrenders to Constantine and now Constantine is the emperor of the whole empire of Rome. Licinius is strangled and murdered. The first Christian emperor

Esat and West

Constantine goes through the city with the Cristian symbol. The people pf the city are cheering and saying his name. He tells the people that he didn't come there to conquer them.. He said he came to return to the people their land, honor, and any other things that was taken away from them by Maxtius. After his speech, he goes to the guy that was the leader of the Cristian group. Constantine new goal was to restore the east of the empire. He married off his sister. He says that nothing came part them. He becomes an ally with lycinenus which was at war in the west empire of Rome. Edict is law or ruling. Edict of molin states that you have the right to practice Cristian. The whole empire had a chance of peace. Constantine had a second chance about his ally he had with his friend. He turns more to Cristian. The people are saying that God has chosen him.

Maxebtius defeat

The leader of the religion group shows Constantine a picture and tells him to paint it on every soldier shield. Maxentius is planning on how he would defeat Constantine. The solider didn't want to put the sign on their shield because they thought they God would strike them down. Maxentius 75,000 strong army meets at the milvian bridge. Maxentius calls for his man to retreat. He wanted Constantine to come over the bridge so he could drown his army. The whole thing back fired on them as the bridge got heavy with Maxentius soldiers. His rain had been put at the end. The bridge fell over. Constantine had control of the whole western empire.

Constantine

Constatine wanted Rome to be one empire. Maxebtius, 312 A.D. Constatine is going into battle with her brother-in-law. Traveling with him was members of a new religion. His enemy held the emperor of Rome. They cut open the animal for the reading. It says that the enemy of Rome would be defeated. The God of the leader of the new religion group tells him to believe in God before he marches into Rome. The leader of the religious group says that it was a sign from God. A fire ball came from the sky into the hill right in front of their eyes. That is what some people says happens.

Civil War against Pompey

Marc Anthony had his loyalty questioned by Julius. Julius tried to force Pompey to fight at Pharsalus while his supplies is running out. 48 B.C. Marc wondered why he doesn't attack because he has twice as there army. 45,000 people in Pompey and Caesar had only 22,000. Pompey had 6,000 cavalry to Caesar 1,000 cavalry. Caesar says everything he had done it was for the people of Rome. Pompey is moving his cavalry to Caesar right flank. Caesar won the battle against Pompey. He goes into Rome and is named into Dictator for life. It was the end of the republic. Marc Anthony was his right man. He was named master of the horse. There was a civil war in Egypt and goes to help. He put his army with Cleopatra civil war. Her army won with the help of Caesar and they have another affair. Caesar is still married while this is taking place. The 7th month out of the year, July, is named after Julius Caesar. And August was named after his grandson. March 15, the senators pull knives out and stabbed Caesar to death in the senator estate. 23 stab wounds Caesar received. They put a statue of Caesar outside of the senate of him with 23 stab wounds.

Julius Caesar

Gaul what is now France where they battle took place. Galls and the Rome were in the battle. Caesar 40,000 troops were surrender by a quarter of a million Galls. Julius didn't go out on the battle field until his hair was ready and in the right way that he wanted it. Alecia. The Rome army was being pushed back. As all seem lost, Ceaser shows up and ask people will they fight for him . During battle, he tell them to signal the Calvary. To trap those who trapped him. His victory was marked as a brilliant tragedy. It was just the beginning of the revolution he was bout to unleash. Mark Antony fights along side Julius for about 10 years. After the war Julissa says that his service for Rome is just beginning. He was also a powerful politician be sides a solider. He is similar to Tiberius. Rome knew about the victory in days. The senators worried that Caesar was fighting to make him rich.  Marcus Cato was part of the senators. That wanted him to not come back with his army and have some type of power conquer.  In the city, the people was chanting his name and writing his name on the wall. Gnaeus Pompey was a politician and a retired General. He had not fought fir nine years. The senators want Pompey to stop Caesar. Caesar demanded that he stay in power without a election. Pompey and Caesar had been closely allies. Caesar and one of his generals received a letter that tells them to come back but leave their army at the border. Rubicon was the river of the northern border of Rome. Caesar forms  triumvirate. A group of three people that are going to use their abilities to try to get power on his side. Caesar ,Pompey and Crassus. They are all on Caesar side. Caesar was named consul. Consul was just for one terml but Caesar named himself the consul for life. After Crassus death, Caesar gained more power. Pompey sees that he has too much power and they fought each other. Caesar wanted the money to defeat Pompey. Pompey had fled east to where he had allies. Caesar gets trapped from both sides. He wants to go to Spain and wiped them out so he doesn't get trapped. Caesar had promised his men riches and he hadn't delivered. Caesar was married three or four times. He cheated on his wives with Cleopatra. Caesar own men are now fighting against him. In ordered to stop the rebellion, ten percent of them gets killed.

Tiberius Gracchus

Tiberius Gracchus was a good leader in my opinion. I chose to defend his actions. I believe that he had the most effective plan. His plan was to take the land that was stolen from the people taken by the rich and powerful during wars. The rich had set up Latifundia with the land taken from the poor; which is a rich person estate. The farmers lost their land and moved to the city of Rome. The city became over populated really quickly. The rich were tired of walking by the poor people. The patricians were the rich and the plebeians were the poor. The lowest class of the society was the women and slaves. They were not allowed to vote nor have any rights. The patricians had all the power and lived better in the society of Rome. Rome ways was the republic. The republic government was where the people of the city would elect or chose their leaders. They also had the right to impeach the leader if they thought that had too much power. Tiberius was told by a friend of the senators, to run for Tribune. The Tribune was ten elected leaders that defended the people of Rome. The people that were defended were mostly the people who had their land taken away from them. He was selected to be one of the Tribunes. If I was Tiberius, I would have gotten good with both sides. Gotten good with both sides meaning that asked we both sides wanted and came up with an agreement. Instead, he chose to defend the people rights and got their votes. By doing that he had made enemies in the senators. Tiberius made his law clear during the meeting with the other Tribunes. Every Tribune agreed to the law besides Octavos. Octavos did not want to give up his land that he took. So he vetoed it. Tiberius anger at the matter vetoed every other law that came to mind with the other vetoes or the other laws that Octavos wanted passed. With this act Tiberius enemies grow angrier. His enemies went out telling lies about Tiberius. They lies was that he was getting a lot of power and using the plebeians to try and make him king of Rome. Everybody started to believe that lies that Octavos and his friends spread around. All the plebeians and the patricians that were on his back quickly turned their back. Even his bodyguards turned their backs on Tiberius too.These are the reasons why I would defend Tiberius actions and decisions that he had made during his time.

The last term

Tiberius makes his speech. As he is making his speech, he wins over the crowd and the people of the city is on his.Every tribune agrees to let the people vote; expect Octavius. He veto the Tiberius plan to give some of the land back to the people who lose there land. He vetoed it because he doesn't want to give up the land he took back to the people. Tiberius is vetoing all the laws that Octavius and his friends  want to be open. His mother is asking him what he is doing to Octavius. Tiberius won the vote to veto Octavius from the tribune. As the law to give some of the land back. Octavius and his friends are going around telling the people how Tiberius wants to become king, and taking the land for himself. Roma was on the break of civil war. On one side was the followers of Tiberius and on the other side was the people that wanted to kill him because he had too much power. Tiberius is running for a second term as a tribune but he knows that he is not allowed. Everybody seems to turn against him. His own body guard leaves his side because he believe that he wants to be king. Tiberius is getting jumped by the people and they look to murder him. They killed him and dumped him in the Tiber river. Tiberius had changed Rome forever.

Part 2

His mother told him to restore there family name for what happened in Spain. Mataher tries to kill him Tiberius to tell him how it easy to get to him. He offers his service as a body guard. His one friend in the senators comes to visit him. He told him to run fir the tribune. That the people would be on his side. The tribune selects 10 people. The tribune are the leader of the people who land was taken away from them. Octavius said that he wont give up the land that his father was buried on. They crowd are saying you suck. Any tribune had the right to veto any other tribune. Octavius vetoed the law that Tiberius made. He doesn't like that idea.

The Birth of Tiberius

Rome always powerful. Not one came have too much power. There republic last 500 years. Tiberius Gracchus was the son of the king. He will die for defending his father ideas.  He mother told him that he can be greater than his father one day. 146BC, Carthage. Is when Rome prepare there final attempt on Carthage. Rome and Carthage had been in conflict for over 100 years. Inside the wall the Romans become locked in fights of every street. They ordered the city to be burned. After 6 days if brutal fighting, the Carthage surrender. Tiberius received the gold crown for reaching the wall first. In a few months, Roman burned the city and nothing remained in its place. The rich was growing fat and the streets were over flown in the city of Rome. Latifundia is a rich person estate. .Tiberius was a believer in the republic. He wanted to make hos mother proud so he set of with reinforcements to Spain. Tiberius learned that his friend was one of many taking land of innocent people. Thousands of farmers had lost their land. When he reached Spain, he had fought the same people that his father had faced 40 years ago. They had loss countless battles with the people. They only hope is to talk it out. They would only talk to Tiberius though. He had made peace with the enemy. He said that they can rule themselves, and have quality with Rome.

Republic

Consul

Plebeian

Patrician

Tyrant/Tranny

Tarquin the Proud

Tiber River

Etruscans

Romulus and Remus

DJ Schick

It was between Etruscans and the Greeks.Latins came first. They drained the River Tiber for there new empire. The tyrant named Tarquins got too powerful and the Rome empire threw him out. He was the last king. They had 3 new government, Democracy, Aristocracy, and monarchy. They had 5000 soldiers that wasn't paid to fight. They fought against Carthage on horseback, cavalry, shields, sword, dagger, and armor and tunic.

Test

Today we took a test and I thought it was pretty easy. Th only thing I did to do is make my essays more longer so I can have a better chance to get a better grade.

Little Review

Parthenon, 15 yrs to build. Frieze on the inside and what was craved in marble was the everyday life people. But it put a lot of people to work. They put it on the acropolis so everybody can see it. 447 BC, over 2000 yrs old. Cost a billion dollars in modern day money. Greeks built it and the statue was 40 ft tall.

Aspasia- wrote Pericles speeches. She was treated equal. Pericles left his wife for her. She was smart and influenced Pericles. She wasn't from Athens. Son with Pericles.

Pericles- He was the general of Athens during the Golden ages. General for 32yrs. 461 - 429 BC. Had a plan to rule everything around. The delian league . He created the Parthenon. Promoted arts and literature. Wanted Athens to be the best in everything.

Salamis- 480 BC, Athens fought Persia. They wanted to avoid the land and attacked the Persians in the water.

Delian League- A alliance of a group of lands

Greeks

Head too big, eyes was to wide. He didn't care about his appearance. The birth of science. The Thales was the created of science. He measured the pyramid by measuring his shadowing at a certain time. Then he measured the pyramid at the certain time. Socrates used reason and other things to study people. Over 150 thousands people packed behind the wall. He also used reason to measure the world. Sparta burned all the crops and farms around in Athens. 1 year into the war, the ship that was bringing them food had brought them plague. The disease spread quickly because all the people were tightly packed behind the wall. The plague would kill over a third of Athens people. Then it struck Pericles. After 6 months he died in 429 B.C. The Athenian generals of the ships came back thinking they would be welcomed as hero. But instead they were thrown in jail and sentence to death. Socrates thought that it was wrong and he tried to fight for there case. But he couldn't change there mind. The generals were ordered to drink poison. Neither was able to beat each other in the world. 416 B.C, he small Greek ally had asked Athens for help. They were going to invade Sicily. 6 months later word came back that they needed help and called for more soldiers. A sailor arrived in Autumn needing a hair cut. He told them how the Athens soldiers had failed to win the battle. Over 50,000 men were killed or taken prisoner. The people of Athens were starting ti starve to death, So they turned to Athena. Athens finally surrender to Lysander.The Athenian looked for somebody to blame for there defeat. Somebody who questioned that they were going to win.They searched for Socrates that weakened the moral character of there city. He demanded free dinners for life for all the work he did over the years. The court found Socrates guilty. He was sentenced to drink poison.

Hoplite

Athena Parthenos

Hellenistic Civilization

Solon

Scythed Chariot

Darius III of Persia

Gaugamela

Bucephalus

Alexandar the Great

Chapter 9

Hundreds of work men worked on the temple. The temple would be decorated like nothing before. Pericles was directly involved in the process. The temple was built in only 15 years. Treasures had survived for over 2000 years. Over 500 foot long carved marble. When they didn't like the play they would boo. When they went along with the play they would cry and cheer. Theaters were built in every major city. Not just Athens. 431 BC, Pericles presents the people of Athens that he wanted to go to war with Sparta. Victory over Sparta would make Athens the ultimate leader of their time. Athens specialty lays in there navy. But, Sparta can easily take them on land. He used the navy to supply food to the people; the same navy that he would use to go to war. The Athens was told to go behind the Athens city wall. Socrates was the person that knew that Athens was not going to win the war with Sparta. They told the Gods out of heaven and replaced them with reasons. They said that they weren’t persons but things.

Alexander the Great

Alex is just a kid.He father is King of Mycenaean. Philip is Alex actually father. He lost a eye in battle.  His mother taught him that he was the son of Zeus. Alex is on a horse that nobody else could ride. The story is that the horse was scared of his shadow. His father wasn't going to buy the horse but Alex wanted the horse. His father told him that if he can ride it then the horse is his to keep. Bercepbulust was the name that Alexander named the horse. Gaugamela. He wanted to pin them and hit them in their eyes if their army. Alexander fought with his people. He did just stay behind and watch, he was fighting with them. They are looking for a sign from heaven. To look for a sign they would cut open a bull and read its intense. They are outnumbered 4:1.

Pericles

Aspasia

Battle of Salamis

Delian League

War between Athens and Sparta(431 BC)

Back a second time

Xerxes said he would not rest until he burnt Athens down. Xerxes army was nearly 2 million. Xerxes troops drink the rivers dry. The people of the city turned to help from their Gods. The Greeks would come to the secret rivers to ask questions. It seemed that even the Gods had left them. Zeus granted them that the wooden wall will not fail. Themistocles wanted to fight the Persians at sea. He ordered the evacuation of Athens for the first. He ordered that his navy should meet at a tiny Island named Salamis. He wanted every man, women, and child to leave their place. Xerxes army burned the temples to the ground by the foreign invaders. Themistocles met the other Greece leaders at the Island. He plan was to fight the Persian army in the sea between Salamis and the Athenian main land. This was his plan because he was outnumbered by a lot. Themistocles sent somebody that would seem as a trader to tell the Persians there plans. This was his plan because it was a trap. Themistocles tells them to advance as they grow their way into the Persians ships. The Persians had lost 200 ships at the end of the battle. Themistocles had convinced the Athens to build a army. He a defeated the greatest army in the world. They could now start their own empire. The Athens was the head of the navy confederacy. The Delian league is groups with leaders from different places join together. After the battle, she becomes the leader of the Eastern part in last then a generation. Once a year the citizens put a name on a rock and would become ostracized. This meaning that the person named that came up the most would be voted off or out of the Island. This method was used to protect their government. They ostracized Themistocles, the man that led them to the greatest victory in there history. He never recovered from what happened so him wonder from state to state. He landed in Persian where he died. Pericles was the new leader of Athens. He was born into an elite family. He turned to the Acropolis. The Athens left the fallen place untouched as the memorial of those who died in the Persia war. He thought different. He wanted to make a temple. This took a lot of a marble. The temple was complete in only 15 years. The temple is the mark of the power of Athens. Some treasures were lost but some kept longer than 2500 years. The Statue in the temple was of Athena. It was 40 ft tall, made of gold and ivory, etc.  Aspasia was Pericles partner. Pericles was married but left her for Aspasia. Pericles treated her equal which was different because women usual couldn't do anything. Tragedies was told in the place that was known as there theater. Theaters were built in every main city. He wanted to make Athens the leader of the Med. 431 B.C; he wanted to bring war to Sparta. Pericles convinced the Athens to abandon their land. Socrates didn't believe that they would win. Socrates didn't care much about appearance but only about mind. They took the Gods out of the skies and turned them into things. Over a hundred 150,000 people packed behind the Athens wall. Socrates spent his days in debate. Sparta bought plague, a disease that would kill Athens.

King Darius

Cleisthenes

Pheidippides

Xerxes

Persian Empire

Sparta

Themistocles

Crucible of Civilization

Athens rocked by an event.The people took their destiny into there own hands, rose up in evolution. Acropolis the high point of the city. Morning of the third day he was forced to surrender. First time in history the people has took over there leaders, 508. B.C. Athens people now turned to one man, Cleisthenes. He was a leader that got ran out of town when Sparta took over. When the people rose over there leaders, they called him back to start a new government. White pebble for yes and a black people for no, for voting. They would gather every nine days. Nobody has every had the people vote on the rules of their city. Democracy started here in Athens. It would not be Cleisthenes job to lead them into battle. They would have to defend there state from invaders trying to take over. 490 B.C. 18 years after the Democracy had been born. Phiedippidds had ran a marathon for his people survival . Persia empire is attempting to go to battle. Persia was the greatest power. Athens were gaining power which was a threat to there empire. Daries the leader of the Persians. News of the invasion spread throughout Athens. The Men of the city would have to battle since they didn't have a set army. Athens were out numbered by Persia from 2:1. Phiedipidd  job was to run for help to Sparta. He ran 140 miles in just 2days. But he quest was denied. Help was refused by Sparta. Athens killed 6000 Persian in one day. They survived there first battle as a Democracy city. They returned to there city to celebrate there victory. The was with Persia had just begun.Themistocles(navy) had risen to power through democracy. One of history greatest leaders. The savior of his city. Trirena, purpose was to ram the enemy ship. 483 B.C they discovered silver. They wanted to divide the money along themselves. Themistocles said he was the money to build the ships. He built 200 Trirenas. King Daries died 486 B.C.Xerxes his son took over. Xerxes army numbered to 2 million men and was the greatest force the world had seen. 480 B.C the news sprung to Athens. The Persian empire was on the way to take over Athens.

Group presentation

Here are notes that I took in class:
Three forms of Greek theatre.Tragedy, comedy, satyr plays. Building called theatrons. Comedies were written for the humor of the ancient Greek time.Humor changes over time. Tragedy is where the main character see adversity.First there wasn’t actors in the plays it was just hosts people that would tell the stories. Other people after there actorswas called followers. First actor Aechylos, Thespis, and Sophocles. Hypocritas was the main roles.Women were not allowed to be in the plays. Mask would express the emotions. Each mask allowed the actors to play many roles. The mouth and the eye hole were small because they wanted the crowd to see the emotion of the mask.Thepis was the earliest recorded playwright known to use mask.Worn in Ancient Greece golden ages around 500-300 B.C.Costumes were important in the theater. Defined the emotion with the mask, the gender, your social status. The role of a women would be played by a young man that still have a high pitch voice.

Aristotle, Plato, Socrates

Philosophy means the study of basic principles and concepts of a branch of knowledge. With a view to improving or reconstructing: the philosophy of science.

Socrates was born not earlier than 471 B.C and no later than May or June 469 B.C. born in Athens. Socrates was the son of Sophroniscus and the midwife of Phaenarete. When young he had received customary instruction in gym and music. But after some years he chose to go his own way and study geometry, astronomy, the methods and the doctrine of the leaders of Greek thought and culture. He started out being a sculptor. In the second century A.D, his was still seen in the road to Acropolis. He abandoned art and went to education. He was put to death because he had an argument about art against the thirty's.
Socrates timeline: Peloponnesian War broke out in 431. Pericles died in the plague of Athens 429 during the war. There was a truce was made in 421. This was never very stable and in 415 Athens was persuaded by Alcibiades. Expedition was destroyed in 413. In 411 an oligarchy ("rule by a few") was instituted in Athens in an attempt to secure financial support from Persia. 405 the last Athenian fleet was destroyed surrender in 404. By 403 democracy was once again restored.

Plato was born into a politically active and wealthy Athenian family. He grew up during the Peloponnesian War 431- 404 B.C.E. Plato served in the military around 409-404 BCE. He was the student of Socrates. He was in an academy dedicated to Academus for twenty years. Plato composed over twenty dialogues. Most of his work was lost in during the middle ages.

Plato timeline: Plato grew up during the Peloponnesian War 431-404 BCE. He served in the military around 409-404 BCE. Government of the Rule of Thirty crumbled in 403 BCE.Plato travelled to the Greek city of Syracuse in Sicily around 387 BCE. Plato came back to Athens in 386 BCE. Worked at the academy in 367 BCE. In 361 BCE, he returned to Athens. Plato taught for the twenty years until he passed away in 347 BCE. According to legend, he died with a pen in his hand. 100-400 CE revived Plato as an early precursor of Christian doctrine.


Aristotle born in Stagirus in the Greek colony of Chalcidice. Aristotle was never Athenian citizen, even though he spent most of his life in Athens. Aristotle's father Nicomachus was court physician to King Amyntas III of Macedon. Aristotle came to Athens to study and joined Plato's Academy. Plato's best student and was thought to be Plato's successor. He stayed at the academy until Plato died. He journeyed to the eastern Mediterranean and Asia Minor, where he created a school at Assos at the behest of the ruling Persian vassal, Hermias. Aristotle married Pythias, Hermia’s adopted father. Aristotle returned to Athens to found his own school, the Lyceum. The Lyceum was under Macedonian protection. Lyceum was called a peripatos.

Aristotle timeline: 384-322 BCE. He joined Plato's Academy in 367 BCE. Aristotle remained at the Academy until Plato's death in 347 BCE. Aristotle returned to Macedon at the invitation of King Philip in 343 BCE. Found his own school in 355 BCE. Alexander died during his great Eastern campaign in 323 BCE, and the withdrawal of Macedonian power and protection from Aristotle's Athenian school.

Athens, Sparta, etc.

Today in class we watched other groups and took notes on the presentations. These are some notes I took in class: Athens- Agora was the "mall" of their time. Marble or limestone. Nike means victory. Most popular Delphi.Place to go where you need answers to questions.Sparta,acropolis. 1100 b.c The theater contains 6000 people. More sample people and preparing for war.
Today in class we watched other groups and took notes on the presentations. These are some notes I took in class:

Olympian

Today in class was the first set of days that we started on the groups presentations.Here are some notes I typed. Wrestling, track, javelin discus. Olympian races, wrestling. Two Greek theaters. Comedy and tragedy. The building fit thousands of people.

One of the last

Today in class we worked on the assignment. But, it was the last time we could work on it during school. I have finished my part of the assignment and had emailed it to the person in our group that will be presenting it.

The race begins

Today in class we worked in groups. We worked in the groups we had for the assign that Mr.Schick had gave us in class. The group I am working with is Lauren, Rodney, and Dale. The topic we chose was two heroes, two gods, and two creatures. The part if this assignment I am doing is the two creatures.

2/17/10

Today in class we raffled who would chose first for a project the class will do with classmates. I got the number 5 so the group and I got to choose 5th. We choose to do "B" on the list. That is what we did in class today.

Temples

Ancient Egyptians believed that temples were homes of the gods and goddesses. Every one of the temples was built for the gods, goddesses, and the pharaohs that they worshiped. The front of the temple was made to look impressive. The Egyptians built them in stone so they would last forever. The walls of the temples were covered in scenes and then painted over with colors. Egyptians were only allowed in the court yards on special festival days. Any other day throughout the year they weren't allowed in there. Also they were never allowed further into the temples. The sanitary inside a temple is were statues of gods and goddesses stood. The last part inside of the temple is the sacred lake. The sacred lake is where the rituals is usually perform.Temples were a good part of history for Egyptians in ancient times. The temples were the House of Worships to many of the Gods and Goddesses the ancient Egyptians worshiped.All ways to be kept and in order according the laws of Mata. If not the God and Goddesses would leave and great unrest would result for Egypt. Temples were also important elements of Egyptian economic infrastructure, employing large workforces and earning income.Building texts are fairly abundant from the New Kingdom down to Roman times and describe the construction, circumstances and function of several temples. The various components are named, described and their purpose outlined— there are even detailed descriptions of the fittings. Great officials, in their Tomb Biographies, describe the roles they played, as chief of works or treasurer, in these projects. Senenmut, for example, gives a detailed description of the quarrying, transport and installation of Hatshepsut's obelisks at Karnak. This type of document tends to be stereotypical, however, and should be applied cautiously in individual cases.Probably the most famous structure in all of Egypt, the Pyramids are still on of the worlds best architectural achievement, even though they were built many centuries ago. These structures can be as tall as 482 feet (147 m) high. The Pyramid towers over many other famous landmarks, including the Statue of Liberty.The smooth sided pyramids were built from the Dynasty IV and on. They were built by first having men chisel the block of granite the way that they wanted it. The stonemasons used special rods to check that a stone block was cut accurately. Next, the blocks stayed in the quarry until the flood season. They did this so they could use barges to haul over the heavy granite blocks. Once the boast had arrived near the pyramid and unloaded the blocks, they were hauled up a ramp. Then, ropes and levers were used to maneuver the huge blocks into position. The overseer checked that every block was laid correctly. Once all of the granite blocks were placed in place, laborers rubbed the casing blocks with polishing stones until they would shine in the sun. The overseers used plump lines to check that the angle of the slope was correct.

Ancient Egyptians Notes

Ancient Egyptians believed that temples were homes of the gods and goddesses. Every one of the temples was built for the gods, goddesses, and the pharaohs that they worshiped. The front of the temple was made to look impressive. The Egyptians built them in stone so they would last forever. The walls of the temples were covered in scenes and then painted over with colors. Egyptians were only allowed in the court yards on special festival days. Any other day throughout the year they weren't allowed in there. Also they were never allowed further into the temples. The sanitary inside a temple is were statues of gods and goddesses stood. It was important to take care of the gods and goddesses because they believed that they would protect them and bring them wealth and prosperity to their country. The last part inside of the temple is the sacred lake. The sacred lake is where the rituals is usually perform.

The Minoans

Around 1700 B.C, a highly sophisticated culture grew up around palace centers in Crete: The Minoans. They built perhaps the single most efficient bureaucracy in antiquity. They unique culture only lasted about a few centuries. The Minoans was oriented around trade and bureaucracy with little or no evidence of a military. The people were war-like people oriented around a war -chief. The Minoans stay at the beginning of the European civilization. They civilization of the Minoans began on the island of Crete. Crete is a large island midway between Asia Minor, and Greece. The island they lived on had good fertile and a comfortable climate. The history of the scripts they wrote is lost to us. We cannot understand their hand writing or their language. The Minoans were a great mercantile people and they kept profoundly accurate records of their transactions. The group was independent until around 140 B.C. The Minoans Gods were woman and not man. Women did some sports that man did. One sport they participated in was the bull-jumping.

Notes in class

To day in class we talked about many things. A thing we talked about was Ancient Greece. How Ancient Greece was 1400 island long. It is mostly mountainous. Also that 20 percent of the land was arable. They would often search other areas to colonize.

What I would like WesyCiv to be like.

I would like westciv to be an hands on experience. I attend to learn better in classes with hands on experience. I would like this class to have class hand outs. Like worksheets but not too much worksheets. I like taking notes but not a lot because I don't really learn that way. I would like some group activities. The groups that we pick. I tend to work better with people I'm more comfortable with. Also sometimes movies or little videos. Not a whole movie most the time. I would watch it if it interest me(the whole thing). Watching little by little allows me to take in the information, and keep it for the time.