Time for the finals

Today in class we went over the notes that we took yesterday. Then Mr.Schick passed out our quizzes and we went over the questions. These questions are going to be on the final exam next weekend.

Renaissance

Sculptors made figures more realistic. Perspective in painting, a technique that creates the appearance of three dimensions using a vanishing pint and horizon. Vernacular (native language) ex, Dante in Medieval Times writing. The Divine Comedy. Boccaccio wrote the Decameron, a series of realistic, sometimes off-color  (dirty)stories, cutting down public figures. Niccolo Machiavelli wrote The Prince. He focused on telling rulers how to expand their power even if it meant taking steps the Church viewed as evil. Don't worry about morals. Cynical view: most people are corrupt and selfish.

Renaissance/Pieta

Michelangelo would bring the blocks down the side of the mountains. Very dangerous. 1499, he had other problems. Like his father. Sometimes he would go months without taking his boots off. He was living like Jesus, which is what he told his father to do. He was 25 years old when he was finished. He signed his name i the side of his art to get credit because nobody knew him and didn't know he did it. He was asked by the Pope to paint the 16th chapel. Raphael , painter, School of Athens. Frescoes paintings done on wet plaster. Favorite subject was Madonna and child. Worked for Pope Julius II. Donatello is best known for his statue of David.

Renaissance

Mona Lisa has no eyebrows because it was the style back then. Nobody knows why she is smiling. She wasn't outside when she the painting took place.  Starts in Florence around 1450. Started their but then spread around. The rebirth starts after the Middle Ages. Renaissance means rebirth. 1300-1600 overlap with the middle ages. Started in Italy, important trade cities, cities wealthy, and heritage of classical Rome. Humanism, is an interest in secular(worldly) things rather than religious/spiritual art. It focused in human potential and achievements. Patrons, is wealthy clients who pay to support artists and their creations. Ex, the Medici family, a powerful and banking and trading family, supported artisans: paying for portraits, donating public art. The renaissance man was also called universal man,men and women. At the time were expected to be well rounded in many fields. Everyone should create art. Write poetry, sing,dance. Be a skilled writer, wrestler, swordsman. Leonardo de Vinci. True Renaissance Man. Painter of Mona Lisa and The last Supper. Sculptor. Inventor, Scientist. He sketched a helicopter in 1493. He wrote left handed and backwards. Michelangelo Bunarroti. Another true Renaissance Man. Painter, sculptor.

Renaissance

In this picture you can see the angles surrounding a lady and a baby sitting in the chair. This painting is of Madonna and Child Enthroned with Angles. It was painted in mid-16th century.
In the second picture, it is a sculpture of Hercules beating Centaur Nesso. It is made out of marble. 
In the third picture, it is of S.Maria del Fiore. It was the Original Plan for S.Maria del Fiore. 
In the last picture, it is a women writing with the Renaissance material.

Questions for the test

1. Define indulgent? Something you buy from a Church that gives you less years in Purgatory. 2. A person that says the opposite of what the Church teaches is called what? It is called Heretic. 3. What year did Luther reach Rome? 1510. 4. What was the list about that he nailed on the door? How many was on the paper? The list was about 95 things that Luther thought was wrong with the Church. 5. What did Luther use to spread the list? He used the printing press. What year did Martin Luther create the list? The year was 1517.

Heads up

Leo the 10 is the Pope. Little naked boys popped out the cake. The indulgent was a peace of paper. He sold the indulgences in Germany. Salvation was a gift from God, you get it through faith; not buying it from the Pope. 1517, Luther sat down and wrote down 95 things that was wrong with the Church/Pope. Then he nailed them to the Church in Wittenburg. Luther was telling the people that you can't pay your way to Heaven. Luther was about to become the first big author. Gutenberg invited the printed press in Germany. The printing of his paper went out around Germany like a wildfire. The Catholic had a name from people like Luther. The name was heretic. The meaning is a person that teaches the opposite of the Church. 1546. He never intended the lust to make things worst. Luther books was burned, and the next was Luther himself. The Pope demanded the Luther dismiss the list. The more the Church tried to silence Luther, the more courage he got. The Pope made a document that said the Luther would spend eternity in Hell. Luther found a new weapon he had in his side. He started to use the printing press because he wanted to spread the list.

Luther goes to Rome

This is the first time that Luther goes outside of Germany. Many people go to Rome thinking that the journey helps them to become closer to God. 1510 was the year that Luther arrived in Rome. He arrived just as the Renaissance was at its height. He had lived in 3 towns in his whole life. When he first approached Rome, he was overwhelmed that was in the holy city. The city was more about money than it was about religion. The people who attended the church was pretty much the business people. Luther discovered that the church was happy to profit off the Pilgrims. Indulgent is something that you buy from the church like prayers. It's a way to reduce your time in progatroy. Protagary is where your sins are going to be burned away. Luther wondered if all this could bring him closer to Jesus. He didn't think that he pleased God in any way, so he hated this God. Luther was now like a teacher. He found out that what he was being be taught was a lie and wrong. He found out that what you needed to get in Heaven you need to get salvation be him and God. 7 years had pasted since he visited Rome.

Nail to the doors of the school

Lower the price on lunch Less hours of the school day. Less quizzes and tests. More hands on work in the classroom. Better computers.

Martin Luther

Quarter of all children died before they were 5 years old. The church was the most powerful institutes on earth. Powerful then kings, but would be over turn by one man; Martin Luther. German 1546. Grew up in Northern Germany. If you followed its rules and follow the church rituals, you were going to go to Heaven. The church declared itself in the people live. Not just the people who was in it, but also the community. Luther father was a copper smith. Luther was sent to the best schools around where he lived. Erufer was the university that he went to. Luther wanted to be. 1505, plaque strict the college. The people thought that God was punishing them for their sins. Three of Luther friends was killed by plaque. This was a turning point of his life. When he was 23 he was caught in a storm. Luther vowed himself to God by want happen when he was in the storm. He vowed to God that we was going to be a monk. He stopped doing what his father wanted him to do. His father had went insane when he found out that Luther wasn't going to be a lawyer which he wanted him to be. Monks food was simply, clothes made you uncomfortable, they had to prayers in different part of the days. They could on talk in certain places. Two weeks after the the forest, he joined a hard group of the monks, the Augustians. Ascetic. It's a person who gives up everything and anything to be in a good relationship with God. The Church demanded fees by the people. The people believed that if you didn't pay the fees that you wouldn't go to Heaven, etc. After he graduated from the White cloth, he moved on to the Black. They did things that Jesus went through. Whipped themselves, slept out in the snow, slept without blankets, etc. He was concern that he would never be able to please God.

5/12/10

Middle evil period happened in 476 AD -1453. The invasions had made the fallen of the kingdom. The trades stopped. The rich had built. The priest was trying to keep alive the bible, the other things that was written in Latin. Everybody wasn’t speaking the same language. French, English, Italy, Spanish. Who ever had the castles had the loyalty of the people because they had shelter and protection. Clovis had the big conversion. Alliance with the church. They had money that they raised armies. Gaul became France. Benedict made the rules for the monks. Monks lived in the monosatis. Nuns lived in convents. Rules was they you couldn’t get rich, chastity, obedience. Typically day for a monk, they would write. They would have schools for people who wanted to read and write. Ventble bee. Wrote the history of England. 731.

Germanic

That succeeded the Roman Empire, reunited under Charlemagne empire. Charlemagne spread Christian through northern Europe. Middle ages (medieval), 476- 1453 AD. End of Roman Empire, to conquest of Constantinople by Turks. Invasions trigger changes in the western Europe. Warfare spark new trends. Disruption of trade. Money scarce, cities no longer centers. Downfall city, no longer center of administration. Population shifts. No strong leadership. Decline in learning. Invaders are illiterate. Priest and church officials were the only ones that could read and write. Knowledge of Greek was lost. Loss of common language. Dialects in diff regions. Kingdoms emerge. Government changed. Roman society; loyal to public government. German; loyal to family. chief led warriors, during peace, he provided food, weapons, etc. During war, warriors fought for lord. Franks lived in Gaul. Franks under Clovis. Battlefield conversion. Clovis and men baptized by bishops. Approved by the church of Rome. Clovis and church worked together. 511 AD- unties Franks into kingdom. 600 AD. Church Frankish rules convert many. Monasteries and convents. 520 Benedict wrote rules for monks. His sister Scholastia did the same with the nuns. Pope Gregory expanded papal power. papacy is pope office. secular power is worldly power. Church used church money to raises armies, repair roads, help the poor. Christendom. Franks controlled longest Europe kingdom.

Class

Free adult male could vote. Greek did this. They voted on who they should go to war with, who was there leader. Romans voted for leaders and people to represent them. They met at the agora.

Middle Ages

Middle Ages were part of the European history.It was from 5th century to the 15th century. The stone architecture was used for their buildings and their art was based on Christianity. The breakdown of Rome starts the beginning of the Middle Ages. The Hundred Year's War signifies the end of the Middle Ages. The last emperor of the Western Roman Empire was Romulus Augustus. We went over the tests that we had taken in class today. We also took a test that wasn't graded on the Middle Ages.

Revenge

The soldiers killed the kids and families of the barbarians. The survivors of  the slaughter escaped. Alaric was told by one of his people to make Rome suffer as she has suffered. His plan is was to take Rome, or to make it hostage. He knows that it is weak from the Roman soldiers being with the emperor. But the emperor is not in Rome. He is in Ravenna.  The goth people swipe through Italy. He tells one of he generals to block the roads to the city and nothing gets in. The first time in 800 yrs Rome began to suffer siege. They only have food for 10 days. The city is starving and people are dying.The emperor will reject Alaric demands. The Romans turn to the senates for leadership. The senates of Rome visit Alaric. They tell them that they have thousands of soldiers ready to battle. Alaric knows that its a lie. Alaric wants all their belongings. The gold and sliver. They gotten all Rome riches without spilling a drop of gold. Alaric lets food in for 3days. Within those three days, he wants them to tell their emperor to give them the land that they was promised. If they get the land, they will leave Rome. If not, it may be the end of the Roman city. The generals talk it over with the emperor of the settlement.

Fall of Rome

500 years Rome ruled supreme. A weak emperor who tried to be strong. Early 5th century. the goths were planning on to attack the Roman empire. The goths are a group of people that don't believe in the Rome rules. and Gods. The considered them to be barbarians. 40,000 led by king of goths, Alaric. Rome was defenseless. The Roman empire was at a breaking point at the beginning of the century. Attacked by many and different kinds of people outside their boundaries. The goths had been forced to leave their lands and now their are going to the Roman empire to try and take their land for themselves. The king promise the his people that they would be getting good land from a different emperor. In order for the goth muscle, they will get the land. People from the emperor came to the his chief. Then they kill him while he was outside of the church. Honorius was the head of the government. Ever since he was a little kid. The emperor of Rome that wasn't working out of Rome because Rome was too dangerous. Alaric found out that the guy they made the deal with, got murdered. Rome part was to kill the people that would be on the sides of the barbarians. The families of the barbarians.

Diocletianic Persecution

The last and most serve persecution of the Christians in the Roman Empire. In 303, Emperor Diocletian and his colleagues. They did this for their own entertainment. They would starve the lions for a little. Then, they would bring in the Christians and the Emperor and the crowd would watch the lions ripe the Christians apart. But Constantine and Licinius Edict of Milan marked the end of the persecution. Christians had always been the local discrimination in the empire. Christians was compelled to to sacrifice to pagan God or face imprisonment  and execution. The Circus Maximus was another part of the persecution of the Christians. It was an ancient Roman chariot racing and a mass entertainment for the city of Rome.

No more two sided empire

He built churches throughout the empire. Some people in Rome doesn't like what he is doing with the whole Christian thing. Some of the people says he is a threat and needs to come to a end. The senator of Rome is n his way to kill Constantine. Constantine said that he trusted him. So now he said that he trusts no one, but God. Then he says that they are at holy war. The first war in 318. Licinius attacked the people in the churches; they killed the believers of the Christian belief. licinius camp. 324 AD, the battle took place in modern day Turkey. Constantine raised his secret weapon, a banner with their symbol. Licinius army grew scared thinking that it had magical power. Lincinius and his army left the battle. His sister tells Constantine to spare Licinius for her reasons. Lincinius surrenders to Constantine and now Constantine is the emperor of the whole empire of Rome. Licinius is strangled and murdered. The first Christian emperor

Esat and West

Constantine goes through the city with the Cristian symbol. The people pf the city are cheering and saying his name. He tells the people that he didn't come there to conquer them.. He said he came to return to the people their land, honor, and any other things that was taken away from them by Maxtius. After his speech, he goes to the guy that was the leader of the Cristian group. Constantine new goal was to restore the east of the empire. He married off his sister. He says that nothing came part them. He becomes an ally with lycinenus which was at war in the west empire of Rome. Edict is law or ruling. Edict of molin states that you have the right to practice Cristian. The whole empire had a chance of peace. Constantine had a second chance about his ally he had with his friend. He turns more to Cristian. The people are saying that God has chosen him.

Maxebtius defeat

The leader of the religion group shows Constantine a picture and tells him to paint it on every soldier shield. Maxentius is planning on how he would defeat Constantine. The solider didn't want to put the sign on their shield because they thought they God would strike them down. Maxentius 75,000 strong army meets at the milvian bridge. Maxentius calls for his man to retreat. He wanted Constantine to come over the bridge so he could drown his army. The whole thing back fired on them as the bridge got heavy with Maxentius soldiers. His rain had been put at the end. The bridge fell over. Constantine had control of the whole western empire.